In addition to this not being a children's book, it's also a humorous one. This cat is born Algerian but it wants to be Jewish! As it was said in class, this is NOT a "Disney kitty". This cat is a foreign creature who's voice in written in cursive to symbolize that. The cursive is harder to read and used a lot less by the average person. The rabbi represents tradition and the cat represents modernity.
I understand the Cat's dilemma with religion as most people would. I think most people can agree that when we are young abstract ideas like religion are harder to grasp. This was a good example of how there can be such a closely connected group of people so many conflicting ideas about religion and faith.